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MBA留学準備 GMAT Critical Reasoningの極意(Last year) - TGセミナー

MBA留学準備 GMAT Critical Reasoningの極意(Last year)

MBA GMAT Critical Reasoning、「ロジカル思考」の世界へようこそ!

GMAT Critical Reasoningを勉強中のMBA留学準備生はもちろん、受験生、ロジカル思考、頭の体操、推理小説愛好家、英語読解に興味がある人、挑戦歓迎!

目次

[お題」GMAT Critical Reasoning GcrC-1 07

Last year in the United States, women who ran for state and national offices were about as likely to win as men.

However, only about fifteen percent of the candidates for these offices were women.

Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run.

[Question]

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?

(A) Last year the proportion of women incumbents who won reelection was smaller than the proportion of men incumbents who won reelection.

(B) Few women who run for state and national office run against other women.

(C) Most women who have no strong desire to be politicians never run for state and national offices.

(D) The proportion of people holding local offices who are women is smaller than the proportion of people holding state and national offices who are women.

(E) Many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.

[分析]

「Premise(前提)」

まず、「Premise(前提、厳然たる事実として分かってること)」は:

1)Last year in the United States, women who ran for state and national offices were about as likely to win as men.

〈雑音は省いてます:議員候補として市唾した男女の当選確率は同じである)

2)However, only about fifteen percent of the candidates for these offices were women.

ところが、当確した女性は、全体の15%に過ぎなかった)

「Conclusion(結論)」

そしてそのうちの「Conclusion(結論)」は、

( Therefore=従って、というのが、キーワード、つまり結論だとわかる)

Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run.

(そこで(この当選確率(50//50)と実際に当選している男女の格差を見るに)、女性の人たちが、選挙に勝ちにくいというわけではなく、きっと出馬したい女性たちが少ないから、こういった結果になったのだ)

[Question]

今回の[Question]は、

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?

ということだが、これは?

「undermines 」ということはすなわち、疑問を投げかけるということ、つまりこれも、「Weaken」問題。「相手(本文)の主張(通常argumentという)を、(最も強力に)論破する(ケチをつける)選択肢を(A) ~(E)の中から選ぶ」のが課題。ここでは、「そんな法案作っても、騒音公害に対抗できないよ」と、最も強く示唆している選択肢を選ぶ。

[解題]

我々の任務としては、「男女の当選確率は、同じなのだけれど、現実に女性議員は全体の15%に過ぎないという厳然たる事実に対して、「女性たちが選挙に勝ちにくいというわけではなく、出馬したい女性たちが少ないからそうなった」というロジックを否定したい。

上記を、2点に分けて考えよう:

1)女性たちが選挙に勝ちにくいというわけではなく

2)出馬したい女性たちが少ない

で、これらを否定すると?

1)女性たちが選挙に勝ちにくい

2)出馬したい女性たちは少なくない

で、その意向の選択肢を探すと、

[正解]

(E) Many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.

これはほぼド直訳すると、

「出馬したいと思う男性よりも遥かに多い女性たちの方が、十分な選挙資金を得ることが出来ない」


すなわちこれが示唆するところは、

1)女性たちの出馬には障害がある

2)女性たちの出馬意欲は決して低くはない

という点で、上記argumentをundermine (weaken)出来る。


これも、選択肢をひとつづつぶしていってもいいが、

weaken内容を想定することで、遥かにエレガントに解答することが出来る。

他の選択肢、もし迷ったのがあったら、連絡ください。